1. A reversal design aims to establish the reversibility of the manipulation of the independent variable. An ABAB design is superior to an ABA design because it shows two problems with the reversal design; one that the treatment may not be efficiently powerful evidence for the effectiveness of treatment.

An ABAB research design, also called a withdrawal or reversal design, is used to determine if an intervention is effective in changing the behavior of a participant. The design has four phases denoted by A1, B1, A2, and B2. In each phase, repeated measurements of the participant’s behavior are obtained.

an experimental approach in which two or more behaviors are assessed to determine their initial, stable expression (i.e., baseline) and then an intervention or manipulation is applied to one of the behaviors while the others are unaffected.

The most basic single-subject research design is the reversal design , also called the ABA design. During the first phase, A, a baseline is established for the dependent variable. This is the level of responding before any treatment is introduced, and therefore the baseline phase is a kind of control condition.

Single-case experimental designs (SCED) are experimental designs aiming at testing the effect of an intervention using a small number of patients (typically one to three), using repeated measurements, sequential (± randomized) introduction of an intervention and method-specific data analysis, including visual analysis …

In a multiple baseline design, simultaneous baseline data are collected on two or more behaviors. In the delayed baseline design, collection of baseline data for subsequent behaviors is begun after baseline for earlier behaviors.

The multiple baseline design is useful for interventions that are irreversible due to learning effects, and when treatment can’t be withdrawn. In this design, behavior is measured across either multiple individuals, behaviors, or settings.

One advantage of multiple baseline design is possibility of co-variation between different behaviors. The believability of the changing criterion design is enhanced if a previous criterion is reinstated and the participant’s behavior reverses to the previous level.

Multiple Baseline Design – analyzes the effects of an independent variable across multiple behaviors/settings/participants (dependent variable) without having to withdraw the treatment. Multiple probe design – analyzing a successive approximation or task sequence.

A multiple probe design is a variation on the multiple baseline in which the entities encounter fewer repeated sessions in each condition (see multiple baseline description).

Definitions: Multiple Probe Design: a variation of the multiple baseline design that features intermittent measures, or probes, during baseline.

Probing occurs at the onset of ABA therapy and any time a new skill is introduced by the ABA therapist. Probing means measuring the skill level of a particular skill, such as responding to the therapist saying their name.

7 Common ABA Data Collection Methods

1. Frequency/Event & Rate Recording.
2. Duration Recording.
3. Latency Recording.
4. ABC (Antecedent-Behaviour-Consequence) Data.
5. Scatterplot Analysis.
6. Interval Recording.

Rate: Count the number of times the behavior occurred in the time observed. Divide the count by the length of time the behavior was observed. For example, if Anna kicked a peer 30 times in a 10 minute observation, the rate would be 3 kicks per minute (30 kicks divided by 10= 3 kicks per minute).

In Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), data drives all the decisions we make. We use data to determine if a goal is mastered, when to switch or add new targets or when to change teaching procedures to make greater progress. This information is collected and then reflected onto graphs.

6 Ways to Collect Data on Your Students’ Behavior

1. Frequency counts. To monitor behavior in real time in your classroom, you might consider using a tally and adding to it each time a behavior of concern occurs.
2. Interval recording.
3. Anecdotal recording.
4. Reviews of school records.

There are three dimensional qualities of behavior: repeatability, temporal extent, and temporal locus. Measures of repeatability include count, rate or frequency, and celeration. Duration is used to measure temporal extent. Measures of temporal locus include response latency and interresponse time.

The ability to define and measure behavior helps you to identify the function maintaining a problem behavior and to evaluate the success of a positive behavior support plan.

A measurement is the action of measuring something, or some amount of stuff. So it is important to measure certain things right, distance, time, and accuracy are all great things to measure. By measuring these things or in other words, by taking these measurements we can better understand the world around us.

Why is it important to identify who will record a behavior? To find out who is appropriately trained to record the behavior. What is meant by the term observation period? Provide an example of frequency recording, duration recording, intensity recording, and latency recording.

4 physical dimensions of behavior: 1) frequency, 2) duration, 3) latency, and 4) intensity.

4 Steps to Lasting Behavioral Change

• Observing your own actions and their effects.
• Analyzing what you observe.
• Strategizing an action plan.
• Taking action.

It is important that an individual’s treatment plan has goals following these 7 dimensions: 1) Generality, 2) Effective, 3) Technological, 4) Applied, 5) Conceptually Systematic, 6) Analytic, 7) Behavioral.

Behavior has several different dimensions; it is necessary to first identify the behavior dimension that is of interest before you can select an appropriate measurement system. Behavior has at least six dimensions, these are: frequency or rate, duration, latency, topography, locus, and force.

This approach is built on the three major aspects of human behavior: person, environment, and time. We can get a clearer picture of these three aspects if we think about the important dimensions of each—about what it is that we should study about person, about environ- ment, and about time.

Your behavior modification plan can include one or more of the following:

1. Attention. Giving a child attention is a positive reinforcer and can be very effective.
2. Praise. Another positive consequence is praise.
3. Rewards. Tangible rewards, such as earning a new toy, also modify behavior.
4. Consequences.

There are two main “views” of behaviour change that can be measured: self-view, and others’ view. This means surveying people and asking them to evaluate their own behaviour. This can be done using simple pulse survey tools and you can survey the whole population or a sample.

Attitudes are often considered precursors to behavior. Researchers have developed a variety of attitude rating scales to measure the intensity of an attitude’s affective, cognitive, and behavioral components. These scales may require a respondent to rank, rate, sort, and choose when we assess an attitude.

To measure behavioral changes such as job impact, you’ll need to evaluate training participants in the workplace….Some examples of level three evaluation strategies include:

1. Workplace observations.
2. Peer observations.
3. Self-reflections.
4. Pre- and post-training assessments.
5. Pre- and post-training self-assessments.

These are some of the common ways in which change is often measured in projects:

1. Change readiness surveys.
2. Training evaluation surveys.
3. Communications metrics.
4. Employee sentiments/culture surveys.
5. Change heatmaps.