A structural theory may be defined as one which tends to organize a set of propositions—and, in the realm of the natural sciences, a set of observations to which they refer—as a whole made up of interdependent parts.

• Benefits of Restorative Justice to Victims, Offender, Communities.
• • Reasons for victims participation: desire for restitution, to hold offender accountable, to learn more about.
• crime, share pain with offender, avoid court process, help offender change, see offender is punished1.

One of the two main differences between family group conferencing and victim-offender mediation is that conferencing does not involve a broader range of people, and family members and supporters tend to take collective responsibility over the offender and fulfillment of his or her agreement.

The most common types of UN sanctions, which are binding for all member states, are asset freezes, travel bans, and arms embargoes.

An instrumental theory focuses on people’s uses of technology, rather than on the technology itself. This places the emphasis on a person’s use of technology, rather than on its design; moreover, this suggests that one must look at use (rather than design) when making a value judgment.

Shortcomings are that the mechanism by which delinquency is socially transmitted remains unclear; The theory is untested and it fails to account for the emergence of criminal values; The theory used in per se, is not a sufficient explanation for crime; And It also fails to account for the emergence of criminal values.

There are three sub types within the hierarchy of social structure theories: social disorganization theory, strain theory, and culture conflict theory.

Social disorganization theory shows that crime flourishes in disorganized areas in which institutions of social control, such as family, commercial establishments, and schools, have broken down and can no longer perform their expected or stated functions (Siegel, pg. 142).